Quit screwing around trying to get induced drag; that is a term such as
hot or cold or suction. It has no real meaning. There is the lift
inclined to the induced angle of attack. Solve for that through
iteration and you'll have the correct result. When you generate lift,
the downwash lowers the AOA which decreases the lift which generates
downwash....!

Paul Lipps

I'll answer this in a few days as I am away from
my extensive library on theoretical fluid dynamics.
I will say from what I have read and learned in the
past 50 years you are alone in this belief. As I mentioned
before, the high lift to drag ratio and aspect ratio of
the sail plane validates the induced drag theory.
So too the helicopter.

Paul Lamar

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