Subject: Strain Gauge Info
From: Rotary Engine
Date: 7/6/2007, 7:55 PM
To: AARotary Engine




         >>> Here is a strain gauge setup.
         >>>
         >>> TD93A indicator and ZFLA-1-11 foil gage.
         >>>
         >>> The combination indicator and foil gauge is temperature
   compensated
         >>> from
         >>> +10C to +100C.
         >>>
         >>> The URL below will take you to the indicator page. On the left
        side of
         >>> the screen you can click on the Strain Gage Series List box.
        That will
         >>> take you to the strain gauge page. The ZFLA-1-11 specs are
   there
         >>> toward
         >>> the bottom. From the indicator page, clicking on the
   Integral Lead
         >>> Wire
         >>> box will take you to a page that shows the strain gage and
   wires
         >>> already
         >>> connected. Just glue the strain gage to the metal under
   stress,
        route
         >>> the wire, plug it in and you are ready to go.
         >>>
         >>> This web site also lists the appropriate adhesives.
         >>>
         >>> The only fly in the ointment is the need for 60Hz power,
   which
        is no
         >>> problem for a test stand dyno but would be if you wanted
   to measure
         >>> torque/HP in the air. For in the air measurements a 100W
        inverter will
         >>> serve as the indicator only draws 60W.
         >>>
         >>> The URL for the instrument is;
         >>> http://straingage.com/instrument/instrument_sub/TD93A.PHP
   <http://straingage.com/instrument/instrument_sub/TD93A.PHP>
        <http://straingage.com/instrument/instrument_sub/TD93A.PHP>
         >>>
         >>> Doc Custer
         >>> Retired Software Engineer and sometime Audiologist
         >>>
         >>> That is not the only fly :)
         >>>
         >>> The part under stress is this shaft. How do you get the data
         >>> out of the rotating strain gage mounted on the shaft to a
        stationary
         >>> signal conditioner?
         >>> --
         >>> Paul Lamar ...No rotor no motor.
         >>>
         >>
         >> You put the strain gage on a stationary part that is resisting
        the reaction
         >> force. I am not familiar with the exact setup of the planetary
        gears. If the
         >> ring gear is stationary, you attach the strain gage to one of
        the bosses
         >> that prevent the ring gear from rotating. If the planet
   carrier is
         >> stationary, you attach the strain gage to one of the carrier
        bosses that
         >> prevent the carrier from rotating.
         >>
         >> Doc Custer
         >> Retired Software Engineer and sometime Audiologist
         >>
         >> -
         >> Here is a pretty good dwg and some pictures. Mark a suggested
        position
         >> with xpaint and send it back. The half inch plate behind
   the thrust
         >> bearing is out as it is subject to complicated forces from the
        the prop
         >> depending on the pitch or yaw rate of the aircraft. This is
   the
        2.17:1
         >> box. The 2.85:1 ring gear is pressed into the housings and
   locked
         >> with a few keyways.
         >>
         >> I'll also repeat Matt's question. What is wrong with the low
        cost hydraulic
         >> cylinder
         >> solution? Do you want a electrical signal that can be fed
   into a
        computer?
         >> Perhaps and annular load cell would work to measure the
   helical gear
         >> thrust. Load cells are not low cost.
         >>
         >> --
         >> Paul Lamar ...No rotor no motor.
         >
         > Paul
         >
         > Nothing is wrong with annular hydraulic unit but it is only one
        way of doing
         > it.  It is hard to say it is the best.  For pure analog and
   those
        that have
         > the engine nearby the pilot and are satisfied with looking at an
        analog
         > gauge then all is fine.  If cost is the deciding factor than
   yes
        perhaps
         > when all R&D is said and done it is probably  the least
   expensive
        option.
         >
         > Perhaps it is easier to intergrate an electrical strain guage
        into the
         > engine monitoring system however.  Yes we can put an put a
        pressure inducer
         > sensor (type of strain guage) into the hydraulic system, but
   that is
         > commiting the cardinal sin of making a reliable design.  IE
        combining the
         > failure modes of hydraulic and electrical.
         >
         > Another reason  perhaps some people like electrical systems
        better is the
         > ease of running wire instead of an hydraulic tube. No worry
   about
        leaking
         > seals and joints.  Did I mention there are a few of us that will
        be running
         > straight gear PSRUs without a significant amount of inherent
   thrust:)
         >
         > Lastly in either case the item has to be made, developed,
   tested,
        confirmed
         > and redeveloped.  Mass produced clutch throw out units
   verify the
        concept
         > has merit and works but it is not the same as designing it
   to work on
         > Tracy's PSRU.
         >
         > Strain gauges on the other hand  have a long and documented use
        and the
         > total system though more expensive has more advantages.
         >
         >
         > I rather like the Land and Sea dyno unit and asked them once if
        it could be
         > modified for an aircraft shaft.
         >
         > I originally thought to put a strain gauge to catch the relative
        movement
         > between the flex-plate and the PSRU sun gear drive plate  and
        send the
         > signal to a receiver in the housing  via Wy Fi.  The
        advantage  is at this
         > location we could also get an idea on what torsional
   vibrations are
         > happening if any at different prop speeds. Something that is
        going to be
         > more of concern as more of us start to use C/S props. Now I am
        not so sure
         > that would be the best location.
         >
         > I think traditionally for an users wanting to see 'prop HP'
   there
        is a
         > collar that bolts to prop flange.   I wonder why MT props
   doesn't
        include
         > something like this within their electrical adjusted C/S props?
        They are
         > already controlling the motor and picking up prop rpm.
         >
         > Doug Fir
         >
         > I am all ears if someone can come up with ONE other
   practical way
        that works
         > with Tracy's PSRU. I know the helical gear thrust thing works
        because that is
         > what is used in ALL gas turbine turbo prop engines.
         >
         > --
         > Paul Lamar ...No rotor no motor.
         >
         > Here is the high buck way of doing it. I still can't figure
         > a way of getting it in Tracy's psru.
         >
         >

   http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/membersonly/oct00/features/torquetake/tor
   <http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/membersonly/oct00/features/torquetake/tor>
         > que.html
         >
         > Paul Lamar ...No rotor no motor.
         >

        Paul

           Sixteen years ago I invented a chair that moved in relationship
        to the
        virtual image the viewer was seeing in their LCD goggles. You can
        imagine
        being on a roller coaster and hearing 3D holophonic sound
   through the
        headphones. In short Panasonic picked up on the project  and
        patented the
        control system but decided not to include it in their massage
   chair
        line-up.
        Too real. Made the average person throw up. Not so good for a
        relaxing time
        but pilots should love it though.   Panasonic Corp. develop the
        method of
        imbedding within the audio/visual data on the DVD, the movement
   control
        signals to drive the electo-servo motors of my 3 axis chair.

        Call me crazy and someone with the electrical engineering knowledge
        please
        jump right in here and correct me but for a method of measuring
        engine or
        prop torque perhaps the following is food for thought..

        DVD drive optical readers are now very very cheap and small
   right?  Also
        easy to burn in  simple data on a track in an exact location. Let
        assume for
        argument sake we burn in  a digital mark say  '01' on a track out
        near the
        outer edge of two DVD discs.  They are now identical. These
        lightweight CD
        plastic discs can be mounted apart, one on the prop flange and the
        other on
        the sun gear shaft support plate.  Both areas are ventilated.  We
        now have
        at least 14" of shaft twist length in which to measure the
   difference.

        The rest is calibration. At rest both readers must be showing the
        disc in
        the same position. In operation the arrival of the inner data
   number
        near
        the sensor can is the reference point and so gives us engine rpm.
        The prop
        flange point of arrival gives us prop rpm. As power increases the
        outer prop
        flange disc will take a longer period to arrive at its sensor
   position.
        The difference in time is what we are interested in.  We know the
        diameter
        of the mark location on the disc, software can calculate the
        difference in
        angle between the two and a simple processor can drive the works to
        calculate the torque and Prop HP.

        Another way would be to put the second unit on the rear of the
        engine so we
        could measure it across the engine to get engine torque. We could
        also throw
        away the magnetic Hall sensor and encode a few more different
        numbers on the
        same track, say '010" and "0101" of our reference disc
   pertaining to
        timing
        mark positions.

        Challenges :  Keeping the disc clean and sensor in the proper
   position
        unaffected by vibration. Calibration - torque wrench????

        Flying with a torque meter equipped C/S prop can be helpful.

        Doug Fir

        Putting a DVD track on the input shaft and one on the output shaft
        of Tracy's gear box won't work as the input shaft rotates 2.85
   times the
        output shaft. The DVD track would have to go inside the box on the
        planet
        carrier. I don't think it would survive the heat and hot oil
        environment.

        Putting a DVD track on the nose of the e-shaft and one on the out
        put side
        I don't think will work as there are two sources of torque on the
        e-shaft and not one.
        Namely the front rotor and the rear rotor. How would one
   calibrate it?
        It might work.

        This is also not cheap. My guess is a $100K R&D program minimum.
        I am still waiting for some one to come up with something cheaper
        and simpler than the annular hydraulic cylinder and cheap pressure
        gauge.

        --
        Paul Lamar ...No rotor no motor.


   Interesting idea.

   The absolute relative position between the two sensors/marks is not
   critical - just that you have a precise way to measure the timing of the
   passage of the marks.  Not a big deal with a microprocessor.

   It doesn't have to be a DVD nor even a piece of plastic.  DVDs burners
   work by using a laser to make marks in a metalic substrate.  The
   poly/vinyl is just there as an optically transparent carrier for the
   metal.  As such, this system doesn't need to use DVD parts.  A laser
   could be used to directly engrave useful marks on a piece of aluminum
   (or whatever).

   I envision laser engraving a ring of markings around each end of one of
   the shafts (the longest one that's carrying torque).  Shine a
   laser/light-diode combo at the marks.  Use a small microprocessor to
   keep track of the timing between passage of the marks.  You'd be able to
   diagnose problems like a single weak apex seal if you wished - by
   measuring torque throughout the system rotation.

   The CD/DVD players have a very sophisticated method of adjusting the
   focal length of the optical system (besides the x-axis) - the better you
   can focus on the surface, the smaller the feature size you can resolve,
   the more information you can store.  It might take a fair amount of
   analysis to figure out how good you need _this_ system to be.

   Calibrate it once on a dyno - prop-shaft driving the dyno instead of the
   e-shaft.  Or, bolt a drum of a known (large) radius onto the prop
   shaft.  Attach a rope to one point on the outside of the drum.  Remove
   the spark plugs from the engine.  Hang a weight onto the end of the
   rope.  Engage the starter and allow the drum to reel in the rope while
   the torque meter takes data...

   I don't know if this is any better than the throw-out bearing system,
   but it's very interesting.


   Regards,

   Matt-

   Those lasers are going to have to work INSIDE Tracy's psru bathed in
   240 F hot oil.
   GOOD LUCK! :)

   Paul Lamar



Well, there is that... :)

The other problem with all strain gauge systems is that they work best
when something in the system is flexible enough to provide a deflection
large enough to measure readily.  When dealing with torsional dynamics
which may lead to harmonic excitation, adding flexible things should be
done very carefully..


Regards,

Matt-



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