Subject: Breedlove's focusing link?
From: Rotary Engine
Date: 2/12/2009, 2:49 PM
To: AAA Put this in the To box

I found the right web site.
This is the one I worked on.
Here is the  true story more or less :)
Paul Lamar


http://www.creative-interiors.com/1969SOA.htm

 377.754 MPH in 4.65 Seconds
 15,000 Horsepower
 10,000 LBS of Thrust
 112 Gallons of Fuel Per Mile
 100 MPH Per Second
 5G's Constant Acceleration
 SPIRIT of AMERICA

 In late 1969, Craig Breedlove, the king of land speed racing, desired to become
the "Fastest Man on Earth" for a sixth time. Craig had held the unlimited world
land speed record for automobiles five times previously. From1963 through
1965 his series of turbojet-powered "Spirit of America" cars had annexed
the world land speed record at, 400, 500, and then 600 miles per hour.
His 1atest record of 600.601 mph had just been eclipsed (622.407 mph) by
the "Blue Flame" driven by drag racer Gary Gabelich.
 Craig realized that in order to regain the land speed record he would

need a whole' new type of car. A rocket car, with more power then any man
had previously conceived of putting in an automobile seemed the answer.
A car that could break the sound barrier at ground level and keep accelerating, ie.
 supersonic car Wow! At the Bonneville Salt Flats (the prime venue where
historically such speeds could be safely attained) the speed of sound is
about 760 mph. Craig's goal was to build a car that could hit 1,000 mph!
To power such a car, Craig would employ a "hot rodded" lunar descent engine
from the Lunar Module that NASA had used to land Neil Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin on the moon earlier that very year.
 In 1969, the country was dealing with internal political and economic
turmoil due to the Viet Nam war and racism disputes. Sponsorship for
such a radical car was hard to come by. People did not believe that
such a car could be constructed. A demonstrator was clearly needed.
Craig decided he would build a rocket dragster and tour the various
drag strips, ultimately setting track records wherever he went.
He was showcasing the successful and outrageous performance of this
radical design as the test bed for his proposed 1000 mph rocket car
simultaneously promoting its sponsorship.
 American Motors Corporation (AMC) had entered into a contract
with Craig Breedlove to build a highly streamlined, wheel-driven car
powered by a supercharged AMC 390-cubic inch V8 automobile engine.
The end result was the most aerodynamically clean car ever built
for a land speed record attempt. American Motors Corporation
spent in excess of $250,000 engineering this arrow-shaped car.
It had a coefficient of drag of a mere 0.25 and an overall frontal
area of 10 square feet. So small and efficient was this design
that AMC was confident this car could exceed the current wheel-driven
land speed record of 409 mph using only one engine! In 1969, this
record was held by the Summers Brothers "Golden Rod", a racer that
 used four in-line Chrysler 426-cubic-inch "Hemi" engines burning
alcohol. Later, American Motors suffered economic problems and reluctantly
 had to shelve its racing activities.
 However, all was not lost. Craig Breedlove knew this was the
perfect vehicle. It was to be the test bed for his newly conceived
and proposed 1 ,000mph supersonic rocket- engine car program. Development
work began. Over $100,000 was spent on the conversion and development
of the modified Lunar Descent engine. Rocket engineers who worked for
TRW and Morton Thiokol (builders of the Space Shuttle's solid rocket
engines) were brought in to design Breedlove's Hot Rod Rocket Engine.
It could be lighter than its aerospace counterpart because it would be
un only for a short period of time (less than 6 seconds). "Fire it full
blast and shut it off before it melts!" was the idea. The flame
(or plume as it is technically referred to as it left the engine)
would be at 5,700 degrees Fahrenheit. The exhaust gases were then
traveling at over 6,000 feet per second or Mach 5-plus i.e. the heat
of steel-cutting welding torch at ten times the speed of a tornado!
 The end result was a bi-propellant rocket engine using unsymmetrical
dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH), a highly refined, caustic and corrosive acid,
as fuel. The oxidizer used was nitrogen tetroxide (NTO).
These fuels are "Hypergolic" which means that they only need to touch
each other to explode. No ignition system was necessary to light them.
They were blown into the stainless steel engine with inert nitrogen
gas and lit upon contact. The dragster would burn 28 gallons of fuel
in 6 seconds! It would not win any fuel economy awards at this rate,
as it would consume 112 gallons of fuel per mile! The "Spirit of
America" (as it was christened) dragster was the only car in history
to use a real rocket engine. Rockets incorporate a fuel and an oxidizer
so that they can run in the vacuum of space or even underwater.
The specific impulse for this type of engine was about 240, which
means that for every pound of fuel burned per second 240 pounds of
thrust would be produced!
 The "Spirit of America" accelerates at 100 mph per second, constantly.
It develops 10,000 lbs. of thrust, and 15,000 horsepower, equivalent to
the power of three modern day Top Fuel dragsters. The difference is that
a nitro-fueled dragster makes 5000 horsepower, but only for part of the
time it is under power during a drag race. Craig's rocket delivered
15,000 horsepower constantly! When Breedlove's car was completed it
weighed 1,600 lbs. In comparison, the current holder of the world
land speed record, Richard Noble's Thrust SSC from Great Britain,
produces 96,000 horsepower and weighs 22,500 lbs. Its power to weight
ratio is 4.26. The Spirit of America's ratio is 6.25, a whopping 68%
greater, making it pound for pound the most powerful automobile ever built.
 The completed car was built using a steel tube frame wrapped with
a body of aluminum and composite materials. The rocket components
were built of stainless steel. Breedlove, who is an excellent fabricator,
also had talented input from famous former drag racer, Tony "The Loner" Nancy.
George Britting developed the distinct "supersonic droop nose." He was
also the creator of the "Britting Bridge", a design for dragster chassis,
which is still employed today. Through the years of 1971-1973 the car was
run at many drag strips and set track records all around the country. It
ran straight and true, even at speeds over 300 mph. The car was usually
under power for one-eighth mile because the shutdown area at most
 V4-mile facilities were not designed to accommodate a 300+ mph car.
In this endeavor, Breedlove had on board sponsors such as Goodyear,
Firestone, Dupont, Valvoline, Cragar, Bell, Ovaltine, English Leather,
General Foods and Shell. (There were as many paint schemes on the car
as there were sponsors.) In the fall of 1973, Craig took the rocket
dragster-now christened "The English Leather Special"- to the famous
Bonneville Salt Flats to see what it could really do. It had been modified
and lightened. The steering fin and the symmetrical nose had been changed
to George Britting's sleek droop-pointed nose. This snout design was also
to be incorporated on his proposed future 1,000mph-rocket car.
 At Bonneville, after a series of test runs, Craig was ready for
afull-tilt,full-thrust engine blast. Even though he was strapped
into the car so tightly he could barely breathe, he forced himself
against the seat and held his head perfectly straight. He knew that
when the rocket engine lit, his neck muscles were not strong enough
to bring his head back to the forward position! The Spirit of America
rocket dragster can accelerate at over 5Gs constantly. In comparison
an astronaut aboard the Space Shuttle only experiences 3Gs on his way
into orbit. A fast sports car, a Corvette for example, will accelerate
from 0 to 60 mph in 5 seconds. The Spirit of America rocket dragster
accelerates from 0 to 100 in 1second! Craig was about to use full
duration at full thrust. He set the regulator and sequencer accordingly.
He was nervous, even though he had driven land speed cars at over 600 mph,
none of his creations could accelerate as hard as this machine. As one
of his crewmembers said, "This baby really hurries!"
 Given the all clear, Craig stepped down on the sequencer pedal, which
opens the low-flow circuit. This lights the engine, stabilizes the burn
 and reduces the initial impact on the car and driver. The car lurches
forward and then Craig pushes the button on the steering wheel, which
opens the high-flow circuit. With a mighty blast the engine comes on
to full power in a fraction of a second. The car seems to explode behind
him as he is hurtled forward. So sudden is the impact of the rocket blast,
it startles the waiting crew. The instant power of rocket engine lighting
is something you never get used to. Craig disappears down the salt flats
trailing forty feet of flame, accelerating at 100 mph per second.
 Inside the cockpit, Craig only hears a low, loud rumbling sound. The
force of acceleration is tremendous and he is pushed back hard into the
seat. His breathing is labored and his heart is pounding trying to force
blood through his body, which under acceleration now weighs 800 lbs. The
car tries to dart left and right as he corrects its movements. Through
the traps and a fraction of a second later the engine runs out of fuel.
Shutdown! 4.2 seconds and he is traveling at over 425 mph. He is slammed
forward against the six-point harness from the air drag. Something went
 wrong... the car snaps right, the nose lifts. He popped the parachute
and it tore off. The car cartwheels down the salt, banging, slamming
and dancing on its edges. It finally comes to rest on its wheels facing
almost totally backwards. By the grace of God, Craig lives to race another
day. He duly established a new Federation International Motorcyclist
(FIM) quarter-mile speed of 377.754 mph in the traps, peaking at 425
mph with an elapsed time of 4.65 seconds before crashing. Craig is
distraught and swears he will never race a car again. Craig says,
"As much as I drove that car, I never got used to it... ." (Craig
later deduced that the cause of the crash was caused by the extra heavy
NHRA-spec fuel bottles making the rear of the car too heavy, resulting
in nose lift at high speed, and subsequent loss of control.)
 Maybe, Craig, there are some things a man isn't supposed to get
used to. To this day no nitro-fueled dragster has even come close
to this speed. The fastest terminal speed at time of writing is
just over 330 mph. The Spirit of America rocket dragster, having
successfully completed its purpose of being the test bed for his
proposed 1,000 mph rocket car was sold to raise money for the new
project. Fate stepped in. Laws were passed that prevented the fuels
used by the rocket dragster to travel across state lines (UDMH and
NTO are extremely volatile). Two drivers were killed in rocket cars
that ran simpler monopropellant rocket engines running at speeds
around 290-300 mph. The days of the rocket dragster were relegated
to the pages of history. Maybe automobile racing wasn't quite yet
ready for NASA -based rocket propulsion systems. As for Craig Breedlove,
it took him almost twenty years to want to speed-record race again.
Today he is back with his new land speed car patterned after his
proposed 1,000-mph rocket car and utilizing lessons learned from
his rocket dragster. Instead of a rocket however, his latest car
is powered by a turbojet. Maybe a rocket is just a little much!
 The Spirit of America rocket dragster changed hands being bought
and sold by various wealthy automobile collectors. Eventually
Joe "Mr. Custom" Moreno a well- known custom car builder of national
and internationally shown lead sleds and hot rods entered the scene.
In May 1994, by a zillion to one chance of fate, Joe accidentally
discovered it. He found it literally out in the middle of nowhere
in a barn forlornly hanging from the rafters. Its then-owner and
patron had since passed away. There it was-a one and only piece
of LSR history, now alone, neglected and virtually forgotten.
 Had Joe not entered the scene at this most critical time, this
once famous Craig Breedlove rocket- powered dragster might have
been lost for all time and quite possibly ended its fabled life
in a junkyard. Horrors!
 Immediately, Joe began negotiating purchase of the car and
three days later he owned it. Its rejuvenation and rebirth
program was duly set into motion. Some of the finest Southern
California artisans and talents were commissioned and brought
on board for this project. Original crew member Al Sharpe, world
renowned conceptual artist and designer Steve Stanford, master
metal craftsman, Robert Zeller, House of Color's, Pete Santini,
Michael Schartel ofSchartel's Lines and Graphic Designs,
and designer/drag car builder Tony "The Loner" Nancy. Under
Joe's direction, and with the help of these expert craftsmen,
refurbishing of this historic vehicle began. It consumed the
following three-plus years. The car's fuel tanks had, incidentally,
corroded over time due to the caustic fuels left in them. For
safety and future legal consideration, the hazardous, volatile
and corrosive tanks have been removed. Joe reckons she could
run again, but the question is, who is man enough to handle her?
 Are you that man?
 In 1997, a European show car tour schedule was compiled.
In 1998, the Spirit of America rocket car- looking more beautiful
then ever- was finished and back in the limelight headed for Europe
for the 1998-1999 show tour. The exquisite Stars and Stripes paint
scheme finished in pearl accented with 24 carat goldleaf lettering
and pyramid gold dust in the clear lacquer top coats combined with
the intriguing feminine lines of the car wowed the Europeans!
 In the summer of 2000, following a well-received, successful
show run, the rocket car came back to Southern California. It has
never been shown or put on public display in the United States. It
has been kept under wraps to allow its new owner exclusivity in
along with the accompanying kudos.
 During the active life of the Craig Breedlove rocket car it had
many sponsors and consequently a variety of different paint schemes.
Joe's artistic vision inspired the Stanford/Santini car's current
pearl paint job that surely even Craig Breedlove would be proud of.
It is absolutely beautiful!
 Joe spent countless dedicated hours and thousands of dollars bringing
the Spirit of America Rocket Car back into fighting trim. The Stars
and Stripes theme of the Spirit of America truly complements the
purposeful, feminine curves of the racecar. A fast All-American woman,
what could be more perfect? And as Craig said, "beauty, design, and
aesthetics are equally important as horsepower! If it's pretty, it'll go fast!"
 Bibliography:
 Car Craft Magazine, May 1971 Playboy Magazine, May 1972 Hot Rod Magazine, May 1971
 Harvey Shapiro, Faster Than Sound. A.S. Barnes and Co. 1975
 Cyril Posthumus, and David Tremayne Land Speed Record. Osprey Publishing
Ltd. 1985 Dean Moon, Moon Equipment Co. Video Breedlove Rocket at Bonneville 1973
 Craig Breedlove and Bill Neely, Spirit of America. Henry Regnery Company. 1971
 Thanks to: Craig Breedlove, Ky Michaelson, Franklin Ratcliff, Tony
Nancy and Phyllis Moreno
 Note-- How the survivability of Breedlove's crashes of both his
JET and rocket cars attests to the fom1idable engineering and strength of design.
  1963 Bonneville JET car @ 400+mph, loses parachutes sliding sideways-
whacks telephone poles ending in lake and submerged over his head right
side up-He and car survive!
  1972 Dallas Speedway-ROCKET Dragster 1/8 mi @ 300mph air borne
along guardrail-He and car survive!
  1973 Bonneville-ROCKET Dragster after 1f4 mi traps continues to accelerate to
  425+mph then airborne sideways-stops right side up @1800- He and car survive!
  1996 Black Rock-JET slides on side @ 675mph stops right side up @ 180°- He and car survive.
  In both of the above mentioned Rocket Car airborne incidents,
Craig's strongly constructed and well designed errant machine miraculously
emerged virtually unscathed!!
  INCLUDED WITH THE SALE OF THE CAR IS A 66 PAGE 81f2Xll BOOKLET
DOCUMENTING MY RESEARCH ON THE CRAIG BREEDLOVE SPIRIT OF AMERICA ROCKET CAR.
mSTORICAL PUBLISHED ITEMS INCLUDE BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE FOLLOWING;
 PICTORIAL RECORD OF LAND SPEED RACING
 PUBLISHED HISTORY OF ALL LAND SPEED RECORD HOLDERS COPIES OFORIG. USAC SPEED

A WARDS BY BREEDLOVE COPY OF ORIG. FIM WORLD'S RECORD BY BREEDLOVE
 PICTURE OF FRENCH MEDAL TO BREEDLOVE WORLD RECORD FASTEST ON WHEELS! ..
 PUBLISHED ARTICLES AND PICTURES ALL BREEDLOVE CARS
 PUB LETTERS&DOCUMENTS VARIOUS BREEDLOVE SPONSORS. PUBLISHED

HISTORICAL PICTURES ALL BREEDLOVE CARS DURING LAND SPEED RECORD ATTEMPS.

 CUTAWAY VIEWS OF BREEDLOVESROCKET RACERS

 VARIETY OF HISTORICAL PICTURES OF BREEDLOVE THROUGHOUT

 HIS CAREER. PLUS LOTS MORE OF INTERESTING STUFF!!

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